C:/Tablas/tablavri2.doc / ---------------------------------------------------------- " B - V, V - R, R - I COLOR INDICES OF COMETS " ---------------------------------------------------------- Ignacio Ferrín, Center for Fundamental Physics, University of the Andes, Mérida, Venezuela, ferrin@ula.ve Introduction. ============= In this document you will find what we believe is the most complete compilation of B-V, V-R and R-I color indices of comets. You are welcome to use this data set which has been written in ASCII format for your convenience so that it can be transported easily. However we request, in accord with scientific principles, to give proper credit to this work: Ferrín, I., "Secular Light Curve of Comets, II: 133P/Elst-Pizzarro, an Asteroidal Belt Comet", 2006, ICARUS, in press. Database regularly updated at the site: http://www.webdelprofesor.ula.ve/ciencias/ferrin . A preliminary analysis of this data has already been carried out (above reference) with the following result: comets do not distribute themselves on a linear distribution but occupy well defined areas in the corresponding phase space. These plots are available at this web site. In return for this info, you can contribute to this effort by making corrections and additions or by sending new data. Last Updates ============ 060116 Snodgrass et al., (2005) 061102 Snodgrass et al., (2006) in press. 061122 Li et al. (2006) in press. 070213 Lowry and Weissman, (2007). 070310 Hanner et al. (1987). 070408 Wasserman et al. (1995). C:/Tables / tablavri2.doc / Table 1. Visual Color Indexes of Comets. =============================================================================== COMET B-V V-R R-I References =============================================================================== 01P/Halley 0.73±0.03 0.44±0.03 0.48±0.07 Green et al., (1997) 0.70±0.05 0.65±0.05 --------- Gerasimenko et al., (1985) 0.72±0.04 0.41±0.03 0.39±0.06 Thomas and Keller, (1989) 02P/Encke 0.81±0.03 0.47±0.03 --------- Green et al., (1997) 0.78±0.02 0.48±0.02 --------- Luu and Jewitt, (1990) --------- 0.39±0.06 0.41±0.06 Meech et al., (2004) --------- 0.43±0.05 --------- Lamy et al., (2005) 0.73±0.06 0.39±0.06 --------- Lowry and Weissman (2007) 04P/Faye --------- 0.51 --------- Lamy and Toth, (1995) 06P/D'Arrest 0.77±0.04 0.56±0.07 0.45±0.04 Meech et al., (2004) --------- 0.54±0.04 --------- Lamy et al., (2005) --------- 0.62±0.08 --------- Meech et al., (2004) 1.08±0.12 0.33±0.09 0.33±0.12 Lowry and Weissman, (2003) --------- --------- 0.4 Wasserman et al. (1995) 07P/Pons- --------- 0.40±0.05 0.41±0.06 Snodgrass et al., (2005) -Winnecke 09P/Tempel 1 0.46±0.18 0.37±0.22 --------- Lowry et al., (1999) --------- 0.47±0.01 --------- Meech et al., (2004) --------- 0.56±0.02 --------- Belton et al., (2005) 0.74±0.01 0.48±0.01 0.47±0.01 Belton and Meech, (2003) 0.84±0.01 0.50±0.01 0.49±0.01 Li et al. (2006) 10P/Tempel 2 0.60±0.19 --------- --------- Zeller et al., (1979) --------- 0.53±0.03 --------- Jewitt and Meech, (1988) --------- 0.53±0.17 0.81±0.17 Mueller, (1991) --------- 0.53±0.03 --------- Mueller and Ferrin, (1996) 0.94±0.03 0.56±0.03 --------- Green et al., (1997) --------- 0.53±0.03 --------- Green et al., (1997) --------- 0.47±0.03 --------- Mueller, (1991) --------- 0.58±0.03 --------- Jewitt and Luu, (1989) --------- 0.56±0.02 --------- Meech et al., (2004) 14P/Wolf --------- 0.02±0.22 0.25±0.35 Lowry et al., (2003) --------- 0.57±0.07 0.51±0.06 Snodgrass et al., (2005) 17P/Holmes --------- 0.41±0.07 0.44±0.08 Snodgrass et al., (2006) 19P/Borrelly --------- 0.25±0.78 --------- Lowry et al., (2003) 21P/Giacobini- --------- 0.51±0.20 0.91±0.19 Mueller, (1991) -Zinner --------- 0.52±0.09 0.51±0.12 Mueller, (1991) --------- 0.49±0.02 --------- Green et al., (1997) 0.80±0.03 0.50±0.02 --------- Luu, (1993) 22P/Koppf --------- 0.54±0.02 --------- Meech et al., (2004) --------- 0.53±0.02 --------- Meech et al., (2004) 0.77±0.05 0.50±0.08 0.42±0.03 Lamy et al., (2002) 26P/Grigg- --------- 0.42±0.14 --------- Meech et al., (2004) -Skjellerup 28P/Neujmin 1 --------- 0.50±0.06 --------- Jewitt and Meech, (1988) 0.84±0.04 0.47±0.04 --------- Green et al., (1997) --------- 0.50±0.04 --------- Green et al., (1997) 0.86±0.04 0.41±0.03 0.58±0.04 Davies et al., (1998) --------- 0.51±0.08 0.44±0.08 Hainaut and Delsanti,(2002) --------- 0.48±0.06 --------- Meech et al., (2004) --------- 0.45±0.05 --------- Delahodde et al., (2001) 32/Comas-Sola 0.82±0.12 0.57±0.08 --------- Lowry et al., (1999) 45P/Honda-Mrkos 1.16±0.07 0.43±0.05 0.22±0.07 Lamy et al., (1999) Pajdusakova =============================================================================== Table 1, continued. Color Indices of Comets Comet B-V V-R R-I Reference =============================================================================== 46P/Wirtanen --------- 0.45±0.07 --------- Lamy et al., (1999) --------- 0.36±0.07 --------- Meech et al., (2004) 0.76±0.01 0.46±0.01 0.37±0.01 Meech et al. (1997)* 0.83 0.38 --------- Fink et al. (1997) 47P/Asbrook- --------- 0.36±0.23 0.19±0.31 Lowry et al., (2003) Jackson --------- 0.45±0.03 0.38±0.03 Snodgrass et al., (2006) 48P/Johnson --------- 0.50±0.30 --------- Licandro et al., (2000) 49P/Arend-Rigaux --------- 0.47±0.01 0.51±0.02 Green et al., (1997) --------- 0.49±0.11 0.54±0.14 Lowry et al., (2003) --------- 0.40±0.30 --------- Licandro et al., (2000) 0.77±0.03 0.47±0.01 0.43±0.02 Millis et al., (1988) 53P/Van Biesbroek --------- 0.34±0.08 --------- Meech et al., (2004) 67P/Churyumov- --------- 0.54±0.26 0.52±0.33 Mueller, (1991) Gerasimenko --------- --------- 0.72±0.42 Licandro et al., (2000) --------- 0.51 --------- Lamy et al., (2003) 73P/SW3 --------- 0.48±0.23 --------- Boehnhardt et al., (1999) --------- 0.53±0.14 --------- Sekanina et al. (1996) 74P/Smirnova- --------- 0.35±0.15 --------- Licandro et al., (2000) Chernykh --------- 0.99±0.16 0.44±0.10 Lowry et al., (1999) 86P/Wild 3 --------- 0.12±0.14 --------- Meech et al., (2004) 87P/Bus --------- -0.11±0.21 --------- Lowry et al., (1999) --------- 0.55±0.02 --------- Meech et al., (2004) 89P/Russell 2 --------- 0.88±0.27 --------- Lowry et al., (1999) 92P/Sanguin --------- 0.54±0.04 0.54±0.04 Snodgrass et al., (2005) 96P/Machholz 1 --------- 0.3 ±0.1 --------- Licandro et al., (2000) --------- 0.43±0.03 --------- Meech et al., (2004) 103P/Hartley 2 --------- 0.5 ±0.1 --------- Licandro et al., (2000) --------- 0.32±0.12 --------- Lowry et al., (2003) 107P/Wilson- --------- 0.41±0.02 --------- Meech et al., (2004) Harrington --------- 0.31±0.03 --------- Chamberlin et al., (1996) 0.61±0.05 0.20±0.04 --------- Lowry and Weissman, (2003) 0.75±0.06 --------- --------- Lowry and Weissman, (2003) 109P/Swift-Tuttle --------- 0.55±0.07 0.78±0.07 Green et al., (1997) 119P/Parker- 0.82±0.12 0.52±0.08 --------- Lowry et al., (1999) -Hartley 133P/Elst- 0.63±0.06 0.39±0.04 0.24±0.04 Delahodde et al., (2004) Pizarro 0.69±0.02 0.42±0.03 0.27±0.03 Hsieh et al., (2004) 137P/Shoemaker- --------- 0.53±0.29 0.45±0.33 Lowry et al., (2003) Levy 2 --------- 0.71±0.18 0.54±0.15 Snodgrass et al., (2006) 143P/Kowal-Mrkos 0.82±0.03 0.58±0.02 0.56±0.02 Meech et al., (2004) 0.80±0.02 0.58±0.02 0.57±0.02 Lamy et al., (2005) 152/Helin- 0.35±0.15 0.77±0.12 --------- Lowry et al., (1999) Lawrence --------- 0.28±0.08 --------- Meech et al., (2004) C/2001 OG108 0.76±0.03 0.46±0.02 0.44±0.03 Abell et al., (2003) 1983 V Sugano- 0.87 --------- --------- Hanner et al., (1987) -Saigusa-Fujikawa 1996 PW 0.56±0.04 0.47±0.10 --------- Davies et al., (1998) 0.60±0.10 0.56±0.10 --------- Williams et al., (1996) =============================================================================== Statistics: Range 0.46 < B-V < 1.08 = 0.76±0.16 (27 observations) 0.30 < V-R < 0.77 = 0.48±0.13 (78 observations) 0.33 < R-I < 0.57 = 0.34±0.22 (32 observations) Number of comets, 42 Number of measurements, 162 Number of references, 41 * Observation contaminated by dust. =============================================================================== Some published V-R values are suspect. In Table 1, a V-R=0.02 for 14P/Wolf plotted in Figure 2 and shown entirely outside of the main distribution, a V-R=0.99 for 74P/Smirnova-Chernyk, and a V-R= - 0.11 for 87P/Bus. Another observer measured V-R=0.55 for comet 87P/Bus (confirmation Table 1) making the first determination suspect. 86P/Wild 3 has a very small V-R= 0.12 measured, and 45P/H-M-P has B-V= 1.16 decidedly too large. These observations should be confirmed. There is evidence to believe that 1996 PW was a comet. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ REFERENCES. Abell, P.A., Fernandez, Y.R., Pravec, P., French, L.M., Farham, T.L., Gaffey, M.J., Hardersen, P.S., Kusnirak, P., Sauronova, L., Sheppard, S.S., 2003. Physical Characteristics of Asteroid -like Comet Nucleus C/2001 OG108 LONEOS. In Lunar and Planetary Science, XXXIV, abstract #1253. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. Belton, M.J.S., Meech, K.J., 2003. Homing in on the Period of 9P/Tempel 1. 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IAUC 3326. Wasserman, L.H., Millis, R.L., Schleicher, D.G., 1995. Comet 6P/D'Arrest. IAUC 6140. Williams, I.P., Cartwright, M., Fitzsimmons, A., 1996. 1996 PW. IAUC 6469. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++